Essay --

1. What did you find most interesting in the introduction? Why? (pp. 1-4) ï‚ § Reading the introduction was a great experience. These discoveries can answer many of our current habitat and survival. From one point the reader can learn about human society 27,000 years ago, when humans started to migrate from East Africa to other parts of the world. Humans in the time were hunters and gathers relying on food. This method needed a simple and fast coordination amongst each group of humans that hunted and gathered. So families relied on a small portion of children to travel from one spot to another, without slowing down the group. Children were really important but a large number could not support families because of migration and survival. However, with the invention of agriculture children were off more importance to civilization. Children provided significant support to families that increasingly relied on growing their own food. As a reader I found this to be really interesting. Without agriculture our current society would not be as big as it is now, an d without children we as a species might have been extinct because of the lack of resources. It is interesting that agriculture can also improve population and support the very foundation of civilization. Without agriculture our society would not be here, and with that I would not be communicating or even typing this paper. 2. What is distinctive about the human race and differentiates them from those who preceded them? (pp. 5-6) ï‚ § â€Å"Human beings can manipulate object fairly readily because of the grip provided by an opposable thumb on each hand. Compared to other primates, human beings have a relatively high and regular sexual drive, which aids reproduction; being omnivores, they ... ..., patriarchal system, and Ã' ªatal Hà ¼yà ¼k. Paleolithic a) Paleolithic is referring to the Old Stone Age, when people made weapons and rough tools out of stone. (Stearns 6) Mesolithic b) Mesolithic is the Middle Stone Age the period between Paleolithic and the Neolithic time period. (Stearns 8) Neolithic revolution c) Neolithic revolution was the beginning of the agricultural revolution or the development of agriculture. (Stearns 11) Patriarchal system d) Patriarchal system was a term that agricultural societies used to emphasize the superiority of men over women.(Stearns 13) Catal Huyuk e) Catal Huyuk was a Neolithic town or first true cities that was located in southern Turkey and had a land mass of 32 acres. Characterized with fully developed agriculture, trade, temples, and mud-brick houses with windows, and mother figure goddess. (Stearns 15)

An introduction to working with children Essay

Nurseries provide care and education for children under the age of five in my area by offering free learning and play sessions which take place in the mornings and afternoons. Instead of a nursery just being a place where your child plays, a nursery provides education by qualified staff and professionals who encourage a child to learn as well a play while still providing care. Holiday play schemes is a place where children over the age of five go and can participate in various different types of activities which are both educational and play sessions, the activities range from reading books and watching educational programmes/videos/DVD’s to children playing on game consoles. ‘The room is divided into areas of various types of play experiences. These areas include, large and small construction sets, imaginative play – dressing ups, home corner, mark making, Hama beads, dance mats, games machines, pool table, small world, football table. We also have two adjoining areas where children can access messy/art and craft activities and relax in the quiet area, reading books or watching various videos/DVD’s.’ http://brightbeginningschildcare.co.uk/playscheme 11.11.11 A Child-minder is a person who looks after a parents children in their own home, child-minders usually look after children under the age of five, they provide care and education by helping the child with school work such as homework, participating in educational games or activities with them or generally playing games with them, baking or watching programmes with them. Nurseries aim to support children and their families by building a strong partnership with parents/careers because the setting and the child’s guardian want what is best, and for the child to achieve. If a nursery did not have a good relationship with parents/careers then there isn’t any trust or respect so if an issue is raised for example the child is underachieving and the nursery thought it is best for that child to receive additional support, a parent/career could take offence to it and then the situation could escalate. But if the nursery had a good positive relationship with parents and careers then a discussion could take place about the child receiving additional support, because it is important that you include the parent or career in discussions about their child otherwise they could feel that they are not valued or respected, and it is also their right to make decisions about their child, so if a nursery overlooked a parent or career regarding a situation wi th their child the parent or career could feel disrespected. ‘It recognises that parents and carers need to be fully involved in discussions about their child’s additional support needs. Where necessary, they should be given support by their school or nursery to take part in meetings and be included fully in decisions that affect their child. Establishments and parents/carers may not always agree on what is in the best interest of the child, but by developing good relationships, and through good communication, it is expected that most problems and disagreements will be solved at school/nursery level.’ http://www.clacksweb.org.uk/learning/aslfamilies/ 18.11.11 Holiday play schemes offer children a wide range of different activities from rock climbing to extra-curricular lessons such as additional english, maths or science, but the way these extra-curricular lessons are integrated into the activities do not seem like they are lessons, but the children are subconsciously learning new things which would help them throughout school because they can relate back to these activities. This supports children because they are providing a safe and secure place where they can come and be happy, make new friends and learn new skills and play schemes provide for all children so every child is included, they are also supporting the child by teaching them new things or helping them with specific work by integrating it into an activity. Holiday play schemes support families by ensuring their child is in a safe, stimulating learning environment while they are unable to look after the child because they are at work etc. Play workers also can pick the child up from their school so the parent/career will not have to worry about transport for the child. ‘Holiday play schemes are run by play workers. Play workers are responsible for planning activities to help children learn, play and relax with their friends. Play workers will often pick up children from local schools.’ http://www.youngsouthampton.org/parentsandcarers/childcare-schoolaged/holiday -play-schemes.asp 12.12.11 Child-minders aim to support children and their families by providing a safe and stimulating for the child/children they are caring for, child-minders mainly care for a child in a domestic environment such as the child’s home. Child-minders become a valued member of a family because they pay such a big role in the child’s life. A child-minder usually takes the child on day trips to museums or animal parks such as zoo’s, they are usually educational day trips where the child can learn something. Arranging stimulating and therapeutic learning activities such as finger painting, cooking, reading, dress-up games or even celebrating cultural events which could include making Christmas or Eid cards or creating their own Easter egg. All these activities support children because they are learning new skills which they will need in life, they all acquire the child to use their fine and gross motor skills which will help them develop, and also their language and intellectual development. ‘They do this in a domestic setting (normally their own home) for payment†¦to ensure they provide a safe and stimulating environment for the children that they care for. Registered child-minders are usually self-employed and run their own business. Although every day will be different, a child-minder’s typical day may include: †¢visiting a park, museum, library or playgroup †¢arranging fun and stimulating learning activities, such as dressing-up, creative play, reading, and celebrating cultural events from around the world †¢providing meals and snacks for the children, involving them in food preparation and menu choices †¢taking children to and from school or clubs †¢working with other local child-minders to organise group activities.’ http://www.ncma.org.uk/childminders/become_a_childminder/what_childminders_do.aspx 12.12.11 The Human Rights Act 2000 This act ensures all children have a right to the protection of private and family life, this means in practice all children’s personal life is always kept private, this includes any information that is disclosed from parents or carers about a child, also anything that is revealed during placement. The right to education, this means that every single child has the right to have an education no matter of their race, gender, culture or background whether it is at a statutory or private sector. To discriminate against children because of their race, sex, culture, background etc is unlawful . ‘The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.’ http://www.elc.org.uk/pages/lawarticleshra.htm#14 16.12.11 These are some of the ri ghts that The Human Rights Act 2000 allows children to have, this legislation overall supports the rights of children because it ensures children have the right to equality, dignity and to be respected. The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 This act supports the rights of children because it states that it is unlawful for educational providers such as teachers to discriminate against pupils with a special educational disability or need. It influences working practices in the setting because if a teacher discriminated a child which was physically disabled and in a wheel chair by not making sure they had access to everything they needed, additional care, help or support then they could be prosecuted because it is against the law. The Equality Act 2010 This act supports the rights of children because it states the legal responsibilities of public sectors such as schools to provide equal opportunities for everyone. This act influences working practices in the setting by trying to ensure that everyone is treated equally no matter what ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion etc. A staff member could not treat a child differently to the other children because of their religion, for example; during a seasonal period such as Christmas and the children are creating Christmas cards and one of the children is Muslim and their parents have asked the staff for their child not to take part in activities like that, the staff could not just isolate the child and give them nothing to do, the staff should either set a different piece of work of that child to do which does not involve Christmas activities or send them to a different class where they are doing a different activity so that child does not feel left out or isolated.

The Impact of Non-Financial Resources - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1893 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? THE IMPACT OF NON- FINANCIAL RESOURCES 12/1/2014 MOHAMMED ADVERTISING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY As a consultancy I advise Mohammed to choose his location in BOSHAR because there is population of people and also many schools and colleges are their so he can get a lot of profit through population of people and also there is no company of publishing and advertising company over there. And also I advise Mohammed to choose his brand name for the company because it can help him to be famous in Oman and cant steal his brand name. The following are the physical and technological resources: PHYSICAL RESOURCES This is most important of running the organization of advertising and publishing company .physical resources include building and equipment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Non-Financial Resources" essay for you Create order BUILDING Our capital first as a consultancy we need to buy a building in order to do our business well instead of rent it cost in the budget ABOUT THE BUILDING It will consist three offices, two toilets, one storeroom, and one for fist aid room. Each room will be provided doors, windows and also declaration of the company in order to attract the more customers. ABOUT EACH ROOM Dustbin: in each offices ,toilet and first aid room Water taps: in toilet and first aid room Toilet sinks: in toilet Soap; in toilet toilet paper; in toilet All the physical resources as consultancy we ordered from NIZWA because it is not far away from NIZWA so we can budget our money. THREE OFFICES: The first office for general manager and the second office for finance manage and the third for the other workers because it is office of publishing and advertising company it didnt many offices it is small business. Two toilet One toilet will be for man or male and the other toilets is for woman or female. So it helps a company to have their own toilet ONE STOREROOM This help our product to be safe in a company so our product can stay in a safe place and do not broken. ONE FOR FIRST AID This is one among of the physical resources it help a company when there is emergency accident or small injury they can treat people in the company instead of taking him or her to the hospital As a constancy I advise him to buy a building instead of renting when Mohammed it will cost every month to pay for rent so it is better to buy building. EQUIPMENT Also they are needed equipment in order to do their business easy of publishing and advertising company. ABOUT EQUIPMENT TABLES CHAIRS STORAGE CABINET SOFA TABLES This help in office to put things in a safe place like files document, computers and other stationary.as a consultancy I will advise him to order from Marbella CHAIRS This help customers and employees to sit in safe place instead of standing it take a lot of time.as consultancy I will advise Mohammed to order chairs from BARKA. STORAGE CABINET This cabinet help accompany to put their file in safe place and show clearly the files from the first year you start up to the year continue. SOFA This help a customers to wait for the services. This we order from RUI in MUSCUT because they are is good quality of furniture. As a consultancy I will advise him to buy all will equipment in Oman because it will take one month tour equipment in Oman because it will take one month to get our equipment and the price it will be 25 Oman RIAL to all equipment include tables chairs sofa and storage cabinet. TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES Are those resources are using in pub lishing and advertising company. MACHINERY To start a business Mohammed mast buy a machinery which is needed in advertising and publishing company.in order to do job easily and it cannot waste time. ABOUT MACHINERY PRINTING AIR CONDITION COPYRIGHT COMPUTER PRINTING In a business of advertising and publishing company Mohammed mast be buying printing instead of typing this help to do business easily. This are order from Dubai it will easy to reach and it didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t take long time. AIR CONDITION This mast be consist in each room because as we see in Oman condition if it is hot season if their employee they cant do work because of hot season. This we ordered from city center. COMPUTER This help a company to store their data in safe place in computer and put many files you want. This order from RUHI. As a consultancy I will advise him to buy his product in Oman because it is good quality and it didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t take a long time to reach and also you will get product you want not like online sometime they change the product. LICENCE This is very important in a company to have license in order to protect the company, as a consultancyI willadvise him to take a license first it will help him to star t business of the permission of the government. HUMAN, PHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL REASSOURCES HUMAN RESOURCE Is very important in set up of advertisingpublishing company. This organization help employee to perform well and also it increase many customers in a company. A business can manage by training , motivation and personal development by training people as people who have enough experience and skills required in company of advertising and publishing company. In order to archive their organization goods and objective. Constant change of different demand as we can see how the occasion change according to period of time sometime customers buy more and sometime they reduce to buy so we must put employee who have enough skills in order to produce different product. This human resource helps to manage the business of publishing and advertising company as a consultancy PHYSICAL RESOURCES When we are looking at it we looking the improvement can be make sure that res ources are maintained in a business this is essential for the business in activities and running the business. This is very important in a company because it will help business to increase a country. This includes building, equipment and stores. Business as a business need building in order to get improvements because building it helps employee to do their job easy and in safe place so when we start business first of all we must get building first and it is better to buy building it can help in our budget so buy a building is one among the improvement can be done. Equipment this is essentials in business if it is lack of equipment or bad management it may reduce customers in a company so equipment also must be in a company. Security this also is one among the improvement can be done in a company if something happen we can use CCTV and security alarm in order to know the one who is stole. So this are among of the improvements of perform the business and improve bas busine ss well. TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES There are improvement that can perform to manage.Technological resource include intellectual property license and experience and skills this are intangible things. Experience and skills this can help to improve the performance of his business as we see in peps company they are employees who are working more than 5 years it improve a company performance because they know how to handle a company and how to get potential customers of their experience. If experience person wants to leave the organization it would be hard to find someone who have same skills like him.so we must training people through workforce in order to replace a person who have skills so that to back up a business. Software license company all mast have license in order to get permission to the government because some other people are hacking the information or ideas of the company for example in peps company they didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t show clearly their information so y ou must get a license first.so this can improve the performance of the business. Intellectual property is the idea of the right peoples can decide good ideas and bad idea when we are stating business. This also required to the operation of Mohammed when he starting a business to know good thing which can make him to get profit. These physical, human and technological resources help Mohammed to start business of advertising and publishing company because it will be easy for him. IMPROVEMENT OF MANAGING RESOURCES AND CONTROLLING THE BUDGET I agree that managing resources and controlling budget costs can improve the performance of advertising and publishing company through controlling their cost to budget their money in organizational .as we see always money going in and out of the business so he mast budget his money . Budget is a plan of saving amount of money, borrowing and spending for example in advertising and publishing company the profit they will get mast budget in order to pay other things like electricity ,water, and tax..Because when we budget our money it help a company to improve the performance of the business HUMAN RESOURCE This can help to improve the business performance in a business by training employee this help to get excellent customer services lead to the improvement of reputation. By improved the knowledge of knowing product like printing product of Samsung its good or bad to the company through revenue for example buying of machines to know the quality. Motivating the employees set financial targets as a bonuses for example employee who work hard Mohammed give a gift by buying him a phone for free or giving him a bonus of money as a gift. Decision making the day when we he starting a business he mast is really do want to work and he can get profit and not to get loss so fist he mast get a decision. PYSICAL RESOURCE Is one among of the improvement of business performance in a business of publishing and adv ertising in a company. Stock As a consultancies I advice Mohammed to put his stock in special room in order to which product are available or not this help customers to buy what they want and what they need in order to improve customer satisfaction they can put their stock nearby population of people. This also help to increase market share through producing ,selling, publishing and advertising in order to get customers loyalty and it increase Mohammed to gain more profit and to reach his goals. TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES This is one among of the improvement in a business performance. As a consultancy I agree this statement because it helps customer to get product buy using computer through buying online and get exactly product they are choosing in twenty four hours. In my opinion I agree this managing and controlling budget improve the performance of the business. As a consultancy when we budget our money it help a company to gain profit and not loss and help Mohammed t o reach his goal when his business grow so to budget money it is a good way in a company. Also Mohammed has an opportunity and experience of publishing and advertising company. REFFERENCES: PHYSICAL RESOURCES RETRIVED 2014 FROM https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical HUMAN RESOURCE RETRIVED2014-12-30(in you tube) WWW.slideshare.net/umerkhalidbib/humanresource TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCE RETRIVED2014-12-28 www.acquaint.me.uk/sow/se/a-marvey.pdf

Distortion in Brave New World Essay - 712 Words

Distortion in Brave New World nbsp; Distortion is an image of a thought or idea that appears to have a single affect on a society, but in actuality provides one that is totally different. Often times in order for readers to understand the realism of todays society and the point that the author tries to make in presenting its flaws, the writer must distort reality. In doing this he urges the reader to engage in a deep thought process that forces them to realize the reality of a situation, rather than perceiving it to be good or evil based on the dilutions of individuals. In his novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley uses tomorrows dystopia and distorts it by creating a utopian visage. By distorting religion and science, Huxley allows†¦show more content†¦The Charing Cross Tower, which is now the Charing - T Tower, symbolizes the religious icons that the society has (61); the T itself is a distorted cross, and thus further shows that though the society thinks it can live without religion, it can not. Though the so ciety has no God, the year of the Fords first model - T and the birth of Christ both act as the opening date of ... [a] new era (52). In their society, not only is the T a powerful symbol, such as a cross is in todays, but the influence of it also. Religion helps individuals believe that life is or will be better, and soma, which is considered the advantages of Christianity is euphoric, narcotic, [and] pleasantly hallucinant allowing the individual to feel that life is better than it actually is (53-54). In addition to distorting religious symbols, the author also does the same for religious leaders. Though the utopia believes that it can live without a religious leader, they follow their leader Mustapha Mond as if he were the Pope. With distortion, Huxley allows the reader to visualize the religious society that the brave new world has created, and the religious society that they try to avoid. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Not only is religion distorted, but science as well. The utopia utilizes science in such a way that it believes it can free and liberate their thought and souls, when in actualityShow MoreRelatedEssay on Distortion in Brave New World630 Words   |  3 PagesIn Brave New World, Huxley exaggerates the fact that a world that strives for stability must eliminate individualism and relationships. One major distortion in Brave New World is the prevention of individualism. In order to live in a Utopia, a person cannot be an individual. Huxley makes this clear from the first page of the novel, revealing the World State’s motto of â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability.† Conformity is what this society strives for. Individuals cannot make up a community, which is whyRead MoreDistortion In Brave New World Analysis1115 Words   |  5 Pageswritten, I am pleased to make a good case for distortion because I am coming to believe that it is the only way to make people see. Distortion is showing a misleading substandard of yourself. An example of distortion is when someone famous does something like accidently spitting on a fan, and society makes it something that it’s not.In the story, Brave New World, By Aldous Huxley, distortion is used in different type of points. 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The Battle Of Waterloo And Its Effect On Today s Artillery

The Battle of Waterloo and its Effect on Today’s Artillery SSG Aviles-Torres, SSG Blackburn, SSG Letalu, SSG Mageo, SSG Rodgers 13B40 001-18 Senior Leaders Course SFC Metz The Battle of Waterloo and its Effect on Today’s Artillery Napoleon Bonaparte, one of the world’s greatest military strategists, led the French at the Battle of Waterloo. During his time as a General, even in defeat, his tactics in the way he used artillery were beyond reproach. His successes and errors made throughout the Battle of Waterloo had a direct effect on how we use artillery today. The Battle of Waterloo, which took place on 18 June 1815, was the final battle of the Napoleonic wars and ended Napoleon’s reign as emperor. The French marched†¦show more content†¦As the battle went on, the Prussian Army was fast approaching. When Napoleon received word of the impending Prussian arrival, he decided to send 20,000 troops, to his left flank, to intercept the Prussians. Although, this was a sensible approach, it severely weakened the main attack. The French finally push through and took La Haye Sainte (the estate in the center of the Battlefield) but, this would end up being a small victory in a battle that would have an inevitable outcome. The British retreated their men, behind the ridge, in an attempt to hide them from the French viewpoint. The French, thinking they had the British on their heels, sent their elite soldiers (Old Guard) up the middle of the battlefield and over the ridge. Unknowingly to the French, Duke Wellington hatched a plan to hide some of his troops. As the Old Guard begins its assault, of the British center line, they are surprised by British troops lying in wait, on their flanks, in the high corn fields. The Old Guard is routed by three horse batteries attacking their flanks. With the Prussian Army destroying the left flank of the French Army, Wellington sounds the general charge. The charge is successful in pushing back the French lines. Napoleon regroups his Old Guard and orders them to attack. By this time, the Old Guard is down to under 200 men. Once again, Wellington uses his plan to hideShow MoreRelatedNapoleon Bonaparte, A Great Leader, The Politician, Tyrant, Emperor4045 Words   |  17 Pagescivil reforms that other countries could only dream off in matter of a few years, restoring financial stability, reformed the education system, instituted an extensive program of public works, centralized the governmental systems which is still in effect today in France, and settled disputes wi th the almighty Catholic Church, the list of his great accomplishments go on and on. Napoleon was born to Carlo Buonaparte, a Corsican lawyer, and his wife Letizia Ramolino on August 15, 1769. The BuonapartesRead MoreNapoleon De Lafayette, And Alexander Hamilton2178 Words   |  9 Pagesfamous for their own accomplishments, as well as their effect on the world we know today. Some of these famous people in history include Marquis de Lafayette, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, these people helped change the world for the better. Marie Joseph Pau Yves Roche Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette was born into a family of noble military derivation on September 6, 1757, in Chavaniac, France. Lafayette’s father was killed in a battle during the Seven Years War and his mother died inRead MoreMission Command Analysis of Helmuth Johannes Ludwig Von Moltke2059 Words   |  9 Pageshis army. The First Battle of the Marne, also classified as the most, â€Å"significant land battle of the twentieth century,† impresses one for its scale, decisiveness, and devastating use of rapid small arms fire, machine guns, hand grenades, and artillery. From 5 through 11 September, Germany and France each fielded over 2 million men (British 130,000) between Paris and Verdun. The most modern military technology to date was brought to bear by both sides to terrible effect. During the month ofRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesspread of Homo sapiens from our African cradle to every major area of the planet since 50,000 b.p.. These migratory currents have connected all the continents since 1500 C.E., helping create the political, social, and ethnic landscapes of the world today. Premodern societies were far from static.1 But we cannot project this fact into a history of mobility that is one of simple continuity or gradual change. The conceptual association of mobility and modernity is not just a teleological assumption

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan free essay sample

Notwithstanding his dismissal by some conservative Muslims as an atheist, a traitor and a British agent, Ahmad Khan strongly advocated that Islam is not a religion of violence but of peace that respects other religions. He concentrated on the educational field, which he rightly saw as the best means to raise the Muslims from their backwardness and ignorance vis-a-vis the dominant Hindus. Today the highly respected Aligarh Muslim University in India is a visible monument of his great foresight and outstanding work for Muslims world wide. BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was born in 1817 in Delhi. He came from a wealthy family which was well known and respected in the area. Great care was taken by Sir Syed’s father to ensure that he received a high-quality education. By the age of 18 he was skilled in Arabic, Persian, Ahmed Khan Mathematics and Medicine. He had also been introduced to some of India’s most able writers and had developed a love for literature. In 1838 Sir Syed’s father died and he was forced to seek employment. He quickly rose from a lowly position in the legal system to become a judge in Delhi in 1846 . That year he wrote his well-known book on archaeology called Athar-al-Sanadeed. When the War of broke out in 1857 Sir Syed was working as chief judge in Bijnaur and is said to have saved the lives of many women and children during the fighting. In return for his loyalty the British offered him an estate with a large income , but he refused the offer. His belief that armed uprising against the British was pointless him unpopular with some Muslims, but it did not stop him working towards reconciliation between British and the Muslim community after the war . He appointed Chief Justice in Muradabad and later was transferred to Ghazipore. In 1864 he was transferred to Aligarh where he played an important part in establishing a new college. In 1876 he retired cork in the law to concentrate on running the college and to devote himself to improving the positions of Muslims in the sub-continent through education. Aligarh became the centre of a ‘Muslim renaissance’. He died in 27 March 1898, having served his fellow Muslims in a way which few had rivaled. BELIEFS Sir Syed was extremely unhappy about the position of the Muslims in the subcontinent. Since the days of the Mughal empire their social and economic status had declined sharply. The role of Muslims in the War of Independence had led to a further decline in their fortunes as the British took measures to ensure that their control would not be subject to further challenge. Sir Syed felt that the poor status of the Muslims was due to the way they were treated as second-class citizens by the British and the Hindus, but that they also had to take some of the responsibility themselves. Many Muslims considered the British to be little more than invaders in India and wanted nothing to do with them. Sir Syed believed that the Muslim community had to accept that the British were rulers who intended to stay for many years. The Muslim position could only be improved if they adopted a more positive approach to the British. They needed to accept more British ideas and to take advantage of British education. If they did not, then the Hindus would continue to prosper because of their more cooperative approach. Sir Syed wanted to see the Muslims united and prospering. He also wanted to see an improvement in their economic, social, political and religious fortunes. He made this ambition his life’s work and, because so much of his effort revolved around a ‘Muslim renaissance’ taking place in Aligarh, he is said to have founded ‘The Aligarh Movement’. The central aims of the Aligarh Movement were to: -Improve relations between the British and Muslim communities by removing British doubts about Muslim loyalty and Muslim doubts about British intentions, -Improve the social and economic position of Muslims by encouraging them to receive Western education and take up posts in the civil ervice and army, -Increase the political awareness of the Muslim community in order to make them aware of the threat to their position from the Hindus policy of co-operation with the British. WORK 1. Improving Relations between the British and Muslim Communities Sir Syed believed that the position of the Muslims in the subcontinent could only be improved if relations with the British were improved and Muslims gained higher-quality educa tion. There were two major obstacles to good relations. A . The British had put the entire responsibility for the War of Independence in 1857 on the Muslims. As a result they carried out policies of repression against the Muslims after 1857. The Hindus and other religious groups were considered to be loyal and prepared to assist in governing India, but the Muslims were seen as rebellious and unhelpful. Even as early as 1843 the British Governor-General had stated: I cannot close my eyes to the belief that the Muslim race is fundamentally hostile to us. Our true policy is to reconcile the Hindus’. Sir Syed wanted to ensure that this false view was corrected. B. There was a deep-seated resentment of the British among many in the Muslim community. This was sometimes based on the fact that the British were seen as ‘foreign invaders’ and sometimes because they were thought to be trying to replace Islam with Christianity. Other Muslims rejected all Western ideas because they were often not in line with Islamic beliefs. Sir Syed wanted to ensure that the benefits and advantages of British rule, in particular in the areas of science and technology were embraced by the Muslim community to improve the lives of the masses. Convincing the British In 1860 Sir Syed wrote The Loyal Mohammadens of india. In this work he defended the Muslims from the British accusation that they were disloyal. He gave a detailed account of the loyal service which Muslims had given and named various Muslims who had shown particular loyalty to the British. At the same time he called on the British to end their hostility towards the Muslim community. In order to convince the British that they were wrong to put the full blame for the events of 1857 on the Muslims, Sir Syed wrote a pamphlet called ‘Essay on the causes of the Indian Revolt In his writing he pointed out the main reasons for the uprising were: 1. The lack of representation for Indian government of the country. 2. The forcible conversion of Muslims to Christianity 3. The poor management of the Indian army He also listed many other measures taken by the British which created dissatisfaction and led to resentment among the Muslim community. This pamphlet was circulated free amongst the British officials in India and was also sent to members of Parliament in England. Even members of the Royal family received copies. Some British officials were angered by what Sir Syed wrote as he seemed to be blaming them for the uprising. Others read what he wrote with sympathy and accepted that there was truth in his words . Sir Syed also tried to clear up a misunderstanding amongst the British who resented being called ‘Nadarath’ by the Muslims. The British thought that this was an insult , but Sir Syed pointed out that the word came from ‘Nasir’ , an Arabic word meaning helper. So the term was a reflection of the positive image Muslims had of British , not an insult. Convincing the Muslims Sir Syed was aware that the British knew very little about Islam. Indeed, on a visit to England he was so offended by an English book on (P. B. U. H) that he immediately wrote his own work correcting the many errors. It was also true, however, that the Muslims in India knew very little about Christianity. He tried to overcome this was by writing Tabyin-ul-Kalam, in which he pointed out the similarities between Islam Christianity. Due to lack of resources the work was not finished, but it showed Sir Syed’s commitment to improving relations. Another example of this was the British Indian Association which Sir Syed established to try to increase co-operation between the two peoples. Many Muslims, however, were very suspicious of any British influence because they believed it corrupted Islamic learning . Sir Sved realized that he needed to increase awareness of the benefits of western technological advances. He did not accept the arguments of British Christian missionaries that the technological advances that had been made in Europe were a result of the teachings of Christianity. He believed that they had to do with greater political development and a higher standard of education, particularly in science. He therefore laid great emphasis on the need to bring about improved education for Muslims. 2. Encouraging the growth of Western education As we have seen after 1857 the Muslim community discrimination at the hands of the other British , whilst the other groups were supported. The Hindus for example, had decided that they should work with the British. This helped the British to see them as a counter to the supposedly ‘disloyal Muslims’, So Hindus were keen to learn the English language and to acquire a British education in the subcontinent. This helped them to gain employment and to make progress in society. By 1871 there were 711 Hindus in government employment compared with only 92 Muslims. The ‘Hindu Movement’ gained strength as more and more Hindus received education in the new schools ,colleges and universities which were springing up. This increased confidence among Hindus also led to them viewing Muslims with an increasing lack of respect. Sir Syed took steps to change Muslim attitudes to receiving British education. In this he came into conflict with ulema. They believed that acceptance of scientific and technological ideas might undermine Islamic beliefs. Sir Syed believed that the Holy Quran emphasized the need to study and that an understanding of modern scientific beliefs actually helped reveal the full majesty of God. -To gain support for his views Sir Syed set up an Urdu journal called Tahdhih-ul-Akhlaq. This journal contained articles from influential Muslims who agreed with Sir Syed that there was a need for a new approach to education. Although some ulema attacked the journal, it played a major part in bringing about an intellectual revolution amongst Muslim thinkers. -In 1863 Sir Syed founded the Scientific Society at Ghazipore. Its main purpose was to make scientific writings available to a wider market by translating them from English, Persian or Arabic into Urdu. When he was transferred to Aligarh in 1864 he continued his work and in 1866 began issuing a journal called the ‘Aligarh Institute Gazette’. -He had already shown his commitment to expanding educational opportunities when, in 1859, he opened a school in Muradabad. In 1864 he opened another school in Ghazipore. -In 1869 Sir Syed travelled to England to study the university system there. He dreamed of setting up a university for Muslims in the sub-continent . He was very impressed by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge and hoped to set up an educational institution based on their model. However, on returning home, he found that his plans were often met with suspicion. He could not start with a university straight away. So instead he decided to begin with a school. -A committee was set up, which toured the country raising funds for anew Muslim school. On 24 May 1875, the Mohammaden Anglo-Oriental School was set up in Aligarh on the pattern of English public school system. Sir Syed worked hard to have the school upgraded to a college. In 1876 he retired from his employment and devoted himself full-time to the school. In 1877 the school was raised to college level, but as part of the University of Calcutta. The British would not allow it to be affiliated with a Muslim university outside British territory so, for the moment it could not become the Muslim University that Sir Syed wanted. -The college offered both Western and Indian education, though Islamic education was also provided. It became much more than an educational institution. In the days before the Muslim League, it became a symbol of Muslim unity. Many of the future leaders of Pakistan, such as Liaquat All Khan and Ayub Khan, were educated there and some historians have commented that the college was the institution which contributed more than any other to the formation of Pakistan. -In 1920, some years after the death of Sir Syed, the college became the University of Aligarh. -However, Sir Syed’s work in education did not end with the formation of the college. He wanted to publicize the new educational methods being used at Aligarh. So in 1886 he set up the Mohammaden Educational Conference. Its aim was to raise educational standards among Muslims. It held meetings at a number of cities across the subcontinent and sub-committees were formed in many places. The Conference attracted famous orators and writers and also played a major role in establishing a political platform for Muslims, in the days before the formation of the Muslim League. 3. Increasing Political Awareness Sir Syed was determined to improve the status of the Muslim community. By writing his Essay on the Causes of the Indian Revolt and The Loyal Mohammadens of India he had shown a desire to re-establish good relationships with the British, as he hoped this would lead to greater opportunities for Muslims. This earned him a reputation of being too moderate and too British. But, in fact, Sir Syed realised that the British were too powerful to overthrow and that Muslims would gain more by cooperating with them. He also believed that Muslims should have good relations with Hindus, as they had a common long-term aim — to restore the authority of the local people in their own country. In a speech to the Indian Association he said: ‘We Hindus and Muslims live together same soil under the same govern interests and problems are common and, therefore I consider the two factions as one nation. However, Sir Syed soon realised that the not so keen on working with Muslims and this led him to the conclusion that the two groups could not work together. In time he came to believe that Hindus and Muslims were different enough to be considered as two separate groups within the subcontinent. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS -In 1885 the Indian National Congress was formed. The British saw this body as a means by which they could hear the views of the educated elite in Indian society. The Congress said that it would represent the views of all the communities regardless of their religion. However, it soon became apparent that the Congress dominated body which was working to establish Hindu supremacy over the Muslims. POLITICAL REPRESENTATION -A good example of this was the call by Congress for the introduction of a democratic system of political representation similar to that practiced in Britain. This sounded fair, but since they were four times as many Hindus as Muslims, they would win every election. Democracy would leave the Muslims with no representation at all. Sir Syed spoke angrily against any such plans saying: ‘I am convinced that the introduction of the principle of election would be attended with evils of greater significance . The larger community would totally override of the smaller community’ COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS -Congress also suggested that appointments in the government service should be by competitive examination. Since Muslims were not receiving education of a standard similar to that received by Hindus, this would greatly disadva ntage them. Sir Syed commented that only when equal educational opportunities were provided could such an idea work. LANGUAGE -A further cause of concern of Sir Syed was the Hindu-Urdu Controversy’. In 1867 the Hindus demanded that Hindi should be made the next official language in place of Urdu (which had become the official language in 1825). It was not until after his death that Hindi became the second language, but the Hindu opposition to Urdu was another factor guiding Sir Syed towards his ‘Two ion Theory’. -Sir Syed was bitterly opposed to this attack on Urdu and particularly shocked to find that the Hindu members of his Scientific Society wanted the society’s journal to be published in Hindi. Sir Syed’s belief that Congress was working in the interests of Hindus, and in a way which was harmful to Muslim community, led him to refuse to attend its meetings. Instead he organised an alternative body Called the United Patriotic Alliance. In 1893 this became the Mohammaden Defence Alliance . By this time rivalry between the Hindu and Muslim communities was increasing and there were several examples of Hindus showing disrespect for the Muslim religion. In Bombay some Hindu extremists began playing loud music mosques. It seemed that in some areas it was becoming increasingly difficult for Muslims and Hindus to live in peaceful co-existence. LITERARY WORKS Sir Syed was a government civil servant and s scholar. The 1857 revolt was a turning point in his life. The following are his important works: 1. ‘’ASARUS SANADEED’’: It is an archaeological masterpiece providing a wealth of information on countless historical monuments in Delhi from the eight hundred long Muslim rule. This book was published in 1847. 2. ‘ASBAB-E-BAGHAWAT-E-HIND’’- (The causes of Indian Revolt) This book was published in 1859 after the 1857 revolt after witnessing the atrocities committed by the British on the inhabitants of Delhi. He saw an uncle, a cousin and an aunt dying before his eyes. He saved his mother but she died due to privations she had experienced. Muslims were the main targets of the government’s wrath. 3. THE ALIGARH INSTITUTE GAZETTE It was an organ of the Sc ientific Society started in 1866. It made the people think and use their wisdom. 4. ‘’TEHZIB-UL-AKHLAQ’’ – It succeeded in making people realise the value of modern knowledge. It also gave new directions to Muslim social and political thoughts. IMPORTANCE Sir Syed Ahmed Khan played a vital role in improving the status of the Muslim community in subcontinent . -He worked tirelessly to restore relations with the British, particularly after the War of Independence. When many British were of the opinion that the Muslims were disloyal and untrustworthy. His, his writings, his tireless work and the example he set was to convince the British to see the Muslims in a new light. -Sir Syed played a major part in bringing about a Muslim revival, largely through the work of the Aligarh Movement . Muslims came to value education as a means of self-improvement and of obtaining better employment. From this came greater feeling of self-worth. -Linked to the Muslim revival was a greater political awareness. As Hindus sought to take advantage of the poor relations between the Muslims and the British, Sir Syed emphasised the threat to Muslims and developed his ‘Two Nation Theory’. Once Muslims came to accept the wisdom of this theory, it was only a small step to call for partition. For this reason Sir Syed Ahmed Khan can rightly be called ‘The Father of the Pakistan Movement’. JAWAD AHMAD

The Heroic Traits Of Jfk And Beowulf Essay Example For Students

The Heroic Traits Of Jfk And Beowulf Essay Wenona WolfEnglish 12 7th hour10/18/99A Hero is defined as, A man admired for his achievements and noble qualities. (Marriam-Webster Dictionary, 1999) Its the best word to describe mythological character Beowulf, and 35th U.S. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Beowulf was a honorable man, who reigned as kind and the strongest warrior throughout land. J.F.K. charmed the U.S. with wit, kindness, and bravery. John F. Kennedy and Beowulf had similar heroic qualities. Beowulf and Kennedy can both be noted for various brave act throughout their lives. Beowulf was looked upon as the greatest warrior of his people, the Storm-Geats. His gratitude led him to help the King of Storm-Danes and his people. Beowulf was asked to rid the Storm-Daness of Grendal, and evil monster. Grendel had been attacking the Mead Hall, which the king had built. However, his evil deeds were unstoppable. Beowulf was put in command of killing Grendel. Beowulfs extensive bravery lead him to kill Grendel single-handly. That was not the end of the Storm-Danes trouble. Grendels mom grew upset over her sons death. She acted upon it and killed the Kings best friend. Beowulf was called upon. Once again Beowulf, only you can help us. (pg. 277) Beowulf agreed to challenge Grendels mom. However, his life near ended during the battle. Fortunately fate was on Beowulfs side and he slaid the dreaded monster. Beowulf provided peace to the land of the Spear-Danes. We will write a custom essay on The Heroic Traits Of Jfk And Beowulf specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As did Beowulf, John Kennedy displayed excessive bravery, although not in any sort of battle. Kennedy had been excepted to the Navy, after being rejected several times for health problems.(Conover Hunter, J.F.K. for a New Generation, pg. 25) Kennedy was assigned head of a torpedo boat, which was stationed near the Solomon Islands. On a cold March night in 1943, his boat was sunk by a Japanese destroyer. John, who had been wounded, swam another wounded man three miles in sea water. They finally found rest on a piece of wood. Kennedy again risked his life, by swimming in the dangerous water. Finally, John was rescued days later. The incident would cause several health problems for John later in life. For his heroism John received a Purple Heart and the Navy and Marine Corps Medal. (Conover Hunter, J.F.K. for a New Generation, pg. 26)J.F.K. and Beowulf both risked their lives for others, gaining them respect. This resulted in superiority. In reward of Beowulfs victories over Grendel and Grendels mom, he was heavily rewarded. He was not only a famous warrior, but he lived in riches. He was loathed in valuable by king of the Spear-Danes, also by the king of the Storm-Geats. Hgelac awarded Beowulf a golden sword that was the best of treasures among the Storm-Geats, a hall, a princes high seat, and a very large estate. Beawulf was now the most highly honored of men. (pg.281). Sometime later, Beowulf was crowned king of the Storm-Geats. He now held full superiority over his people. Unlike Beowulf, J.F.K. earned his superiorty through campaigns and elections. After a short career in journalism, Kennedy sought for one in politics. His opportunity arose when the seat for the 11th Massachusettes Congressional Distract in the House of Repesenatives opened. (Conover Hunter, J.F.K. for a New Generation, pg.52) J.F.K was taunted by several opponents, one even called him the poor little rich kid (Conover Hunter, J.F.K. for a New Generation, pg.53). In November, Kennedy was elected to the House of Represenatives. (Conover Hunter, J.F.K. for a New Generation, pg.56) In April of 1952, Kennedy announced his candicy of the United States Senate. Kennedy defeated his opponent by nearly 70,000 votes in November of that year. (Conover Hunter, J.F.K. for a New Generation, pg.71) In 1956, Kennedy wanted more. He had tackled with the idea of running for vice president earlier that year. Four years later, Kennedy decided not to settle for vice-president. He announced his candicy for the presidential election. At the Democratic Convention, Kennedy stated, We stand on the edge of a new frontier. (Conover Hunter, J.F.K. for a New Generation, pg.102) In the smallest margin of victory in U.S. history, John F. Kennedy gained full superiority. He was now the President of the United States of America. .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a , .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .postImageUrl , .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a , .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a:hover , .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a:visited , .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a:active { border:0!important; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a:active , .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc223379bff20b9cc90dbc3cfbd60578a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History Benito Mussolinis Rise And Fall To Power Benito Mussolini Had EssayAmong being superior and brave, people yearned to be just like John, or just like Beowulf. Beowulf was adorned by many, he had been challenged by so many obstacles. His bravery defeated evil, to provide good for his people. His brute strength was admired by fellow warriors. No one would argue that Beowulf was the best warrior. Upon his death, he was praised, for he would dearly be missed. Let us listen to our beloved Beowulfs wishes and upon these ashes let us build, for our most worthy of warriors, a barrow that will be as mighty an d memorable as his fame is throughout the wide world. (pg. 288)Li ke Beowulf, J.F.K. was adorned by his people. Throughout the country men wanted to be like John, wives like Jackie, and they wanted their children to be like John-John and Caroline. Parents wanted to be just as good parents as the John and Jackie. The Kennedys were the ideal American family. The rainy day John F. Kennedy was assassinated is best remembered as the day the nation cried. It was as if a member of everyones family had died. The story of Beowulf is still told and the memory of J.F.K. still exists with every American. Proving these men are surely heros. While each accomplished heroism in their own way, they share the same qualities. A quote once said by John F. Kennnedy, best describes how each man lived their life. Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country. ((Conover Hunter, J.F.K. for a New Generation, pg.145)